Lalit Kishore
India
Research Article
Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy: Pathogenesis to Pharmacological Management
Author(s): Navpreet Kaur, Lalit Kishore and Randhir SinghNavpreet Kaur, Lalit Kishore and Randhir Singh
Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is a debilitating complication of diabetes which can cause heart disease, gastrointestinal symptoms, genitourinary disorders and metabolic diseases. Hyperglycemia induces glucose flux through the polyol pathway; excess/inappropriate activation of Protein Kinase C (PKC) isoforms; accumulation of Advanced Glycation End products (AGE’s) and these pathways are associated with metabolic and/or redox state of the cell. Activation of these metabolic pathways leads to oxidative stress which is a mediator of hyperglycemia induced cell injury and is a unifying theme for all mechanisms of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Glycemic control can slow the onset of diabetic autonomic neuropathy and may reverse it. Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies are available to treat various symptoms of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. This review focuses on the pathology.. View More»
