Mini Review - (2023) Volume 14, Issue 5
Objective: Using the female sexual function index (FSFI), compare the variables impacting sexual function in premenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
Method: The results of 52 controls and 62 type 2 diabetic women were compared. According to the patients' age, diabetes duration, marriage, socioeconomic level, parity, regularity of menstruation, body mass index (BMI), and smoking habits, the FSFI scores were compared.
Result: In comparison to controls, diabetics had a lower mean FSFI score. Female sexual function was impacted by menstrual irregularity and diabetes duration, but not by age, BMI, socioeconomic position, length of marriage, or parity. those who menstruated frequently had higher FSFI scores (27.1 6.7) than those who menstruated sporadically (20.7 7.4). According to the length of their diabetes, three groups of type 2 diabetics were created. The sexual function was impaired in women who had diabetes for more than 10 years. Additionally, smoking has a negative impact on women's sexual health.
Conclusion: In premenopausal women with type 2 diabetes, menstrual irregularities, smoking, and longer duration of diabetes (greater than 10 years) lower FSFI scores.
Type 2 diabetes; Female sexual dysfunction; Menstruation; Risk factors
An increased focus on quality of life over the past two decades has resulted in a more in-depth examination of female sexual response than in the past. Subsequently, there was a stepwise expansion in examinations in this field. Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) was once thought to be psychological in nature. FSD, on the other hand, are now understood to have a multifactorial etiology and to be closely linked to psychological and physiological factors [1-5]. A few years ago, FSD was defined as a disorder that caused significant personal distress in terms of sexual desire, orgasm, arousal, and pain [6]. In addition, it was eventually accepted that sexual dysfunction was a prevalent problem that had a significant impact on a woman's quality of life and could have a social and economic impact. Sexual dysfunction was known to be caused by a variety of factors, including urologic or gynecologic issues, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune syndromes, neurological impairment, and some surgical procedures. Additionally, endocrine issues, like diabetes and hypothyroidism, regularly hindered sexual capability [7].
The sexual function of diabetic women has only recently received attention, despite the fact that some women are at risk of developing complications from their condition. The majority of previous research focused primarily on the prevalence of diabetes in diverse diabetic groups. However, there was insufficient research on diabetic women's sexual dysfunction [8].
In the current review, we explored the impact of type 2 diabetes on sexual capability among premenopausal ladies. Additionally, the connections between sexual dysfunction and potential causes were investigated.
During a year time frame, 62 ladies with type 2 diabetes visiting the endocrinology, gynecology, or urology facilities were signed up for the review. Ladies in the postmenopausal period or having had a hysterectomy, presence of foundational sickness other than type 2 diabetes, nonattendance of a sexual accomplice (or spouse), history of vaginal medical procedure, harm, pregnancy, or neurologic issues were rejected from the review. Women with erectile dysfunction in their partners or husbands were also excluded. 50 premenopausal women formed the control group. All of the women in the control group had regular menstrual cycles, a sex partner (or husband) that didn't have erectile dysfunction, and no systemic illness that was known to them[9].
Period consistency was characterized as a stretch cycle from 21-35 days and a term going from 3-7 days. In addition, the irregular menstrual symptoms of metrorrhagia, menometrorrhagia, polymenorrhea, and oligomenorrhea were accepted as the normal amount of bleeding [10].
All participants were required to complete a semistructured interview and a set of validated instruments, including the female sexual function index (FSFI), following approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB). Patients' FSFI scores were compared according to their ages (those under 35 and those over 35), diabetes duration (1–5 years, 6–10 years, and longer than 10 years), socioeconomic status (high, intermediate, and low), parity (nullipara/ primipara and multipara), menstrual regularity (regular and irregular), and body mass index (BMI; 30, 30), as well as smoking.
The t, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis. At a 95% confidence level, P.05 values were considered significant. Correlation analysis was used to further investigate the statistically significant demographic characteristics of diabetic patients in order to identify potential correlation values with the FSFI score [11].
112 women's outcomes, including 50 healthy and 62 with type 2 diabetes, were evaluated. Table 1 shows that the diabetic group had a mean age of 39.2- 9.4 years, while the control group had a mean age of 37.6 -8.2 years (P=.79). The FSFI domain-based scores for each group are shown in (Table 1).
| Empty Cell | Type 2 diabetic women (n = 62) | Control group (n = 50) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 39.2 ± 9.4 | 37.6 ± 8.2 | 0.079 |
| Desire | 4.99 ± 1.33 | 5.24 ± 1.48 | 0.065 |
| Arousal | 3.09 ± 1.81 | 5.47 ± 1.95 | 0 |
| Lubrication | 4.31 ± 2.2 | 5.68 ± 1.19 | 0.021 |
| Orgasm | 3.91 ± 2.7 | 5.01 ± 1.96 | 0.028 |
| Satisfaction | 4.51 ± 1.88 | 5.34 ± 1.64 | 0.035 |
| Pain | 3.14 ± 1.92 | 4.92 ± 2.01 | 0.01 |
| Overall score | 23.95 ± 9.42 | 31.66 ± 7.1 | <.001 |
Table 1: Comparision of type 2 diabetic women with control group according to age and FSFI domains.
Examinations of each FSFI area showed that excitement, oil, climax, fulfillment, and torment scores of diabetic ladies were essentially lower than in solid ladies. Similarly, women with type 2 diabetes had lower overall FSFI scores than the control group. Among the spaces of the FSFI survey, the most often seen grumbling in diabetic ladies was in the excitement area (80.6%, 50/62). The following were the other complaints: grease (75.8%, 47/62), climax (69.3%, 43/62), torment (62.9%, 39/62), fulfillment (61.3%, 38/62), and want (41.9%, 26/62).
48 of the 62 women had FSFI scores that were higher than those of their irregularly menstruating counterparts. Metrorrhagia, oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea, and menometrorrhagia were the causes of menstrual disturbances. In connection examination, the FSFI score showed a critical negative connection with feminine abnormality (r = −0.677, P<.001), longer term of diabetes (>10 years) (r = −0.521, P=.002), and smoking (r = −0.349, P=.01).
Self-esteem, quality of life, and the relationship between sexual partners can all be negatively impacted by sexual dysfunction. As a result, it's critical to identify the root causes of sexual dysfunction, assess it, and treat it [12].
Although it was frequently assumed that diabetes had no effect on female sexual function, the majority of the literature on the topic showed that diabetic women were more likely to experience various degrees of sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction, according to some researchers, may be the first clinical symptom in diabetic women. Women with type 2 diabetes had significantly worse sexual function than the healthy control group, according to our study's FSFI score.
The pervasiveness of sexual brokenness in diabetic men approaches half, though in diabetic ladies it is by all accounts marginally lower [13]. Then again, a few examinations revealed fluctuating rates in regards to the predominance in diabetic ladies. Only a few researchers in the literature found no link between diabetes and female sex problems. Jensen found that there were no differences in the prevalence of sexual problems among women with diabetes (27.5%) and those in the control group who did not have diabetes. Errors in the writing may be because of the heterogeneity of diabetic gatherings and utilization of various sexual capability polls [15].
Reduced sensitivity and lubrication of the genital area are clinical manifestations of diabetes's primary interference with the arousal phase of the sexual response. Furthermore, a few specialists have brought up that torment, climax, and in general fulfillment were likewise impacted in ladies with type 2 diabetes . Erol and others compared young diabetic women to healthy women of the same age. Lack of libido was the most common symptom among diabetic women in their study, affecting 77% of participants. Decreased clitoral sensation, vaginal inconvenience, and dryness were the most regularly seen grievances among diabetic patients. Additionally, 49% of the women in the study had orgasmic dysfunction. In a similar vein, women with renal failure who also had diabetes were found to have significantly worse orgasmic function and clitoral sensation than the controls in a bivariate analysis [16]. In the diabetic group, the FSFI questionnaire entries for arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain were significantly affected in our study, with arousal being the most affected.
In conclusion, female sexual function is negatively impacted by type 2 diabetes. In our review, age, BMI, financial status, span of marriage, and equality no affected sexual capability. FSFI scores were lower for people who had diabetes for more than ten years, smoked, and had irregular menstruation. These discoveries propose that smoking discontinuance projects and rectification of the fundamental pathologies prompting monthly cycle aggravations could work on the sexual existences of these ladies.
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Citation: Faruk Yenlek. A Thorough Investigation of the Variables Influencing Sexual Function in Premenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Metab, 2023, 14(5): 998.
Received: 01-May-2023, Manuscript No. jdm-23-24035; Editor assigned: 04-May-2023, Pre QC No. jdm-23-24035(PQ); Reviewed: 18-May-2023, QC No. jdm-23-24035; Revised: 25-May-2023, Manuscript No. jdm-23-24035(R); Published: 31-May-2023
Copyright: �??�?�© 2023 Yenlek F. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
