Mini Article - (2022) Volume 13, Issue 11
Uncertainty exists regarding whether or not intermittent fasting diets improve the clinical markers of glycolipid metabolism. In order to assess the effects of intermittent fasting on lipid and glucose metabolism as well as insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome, this study thoroughly examined the pertinent clinical trials. Random-effect or fixedeffect meta-analysis models were used to determine the average difference between before and after intermittent fasting diet intervention and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals in order to assess the impact of intermittent fasting diet intervention on patients with disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism (CIs). The clinical indicators of glycolipid metabolism may or may not be improved by intermittent fasting diets. This study carefully reviewed the relevant clinical studies to determine the effects of intermittent fasting on lipid and glucose metabolism as well as insulin sensitivity in patients with metabolic syndrome. In order to evaluate the effect of intermittent fasting diet intervention on patients with disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, random-effect or fixed-effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate the average difference between before and after intermittent fasting diet intervention and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Diets with intermittent fasting may or may not enhance the clinical markers of glycolipid metabolism. In order to ascertain the effects of intermittent fasting on lipid and glucose metabolism as well as insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome, this study carefully evaluated the pertinent clinical data. Random-effect or fixedeffect meta-analysis models were used to determine the average difference between before and after intermittent fasting diet intervention and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals in order to assess the impact of intermittent fasting diet intervention on patients with disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism (CIs).
Obstructive sleep apnea; Continuous positive airway pressure; Insulin resistance; Glucose impairment; Intensive care; Children; Nutrition; Intermittent feeding
The clinical indicators of glycolipid metabolism may or may not be improved by diets involving intermittent fasting. This study meticulously analysed the relevant clinical data in order to determine the effects of intermittent fasting on lipid and glucose metabolism as well as insulin sensitivity in people with metabolic syndrome. In order to evaluate the effect of intermittent fasting diet intervention on patients with disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, random-effect or fixed-effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate the average difference between before and after intermittent fasting diet intervention and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) [1].
As a weight-control strategy, intermittent fasting (IF) has been suggested as an alternative to low-calorie diets. The IF diet calls for a variety of fasting schedules, including alternate-day fasting (consuming no calories on fasting days). Alternate day-modified fasting, time-restricted fasting, and periodic fasting (eating less than 25% of calorie requirements on fasting days), if possible (fasting on one to two days per week), According to a retrospective study, IF diets can increase lifespan, decrease blood pressure, prevent cancer, and produce progressive weight loss. Diets that follow the IF philosophy offer a more healthy alternative to starvation. An overview of clinical studies on IF diets conducted recently shown that they lower adult body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance. To the best of our knowledge, no meta-analyses of clinical research examining the impact of IF diets on lipid and glucose metabolism impairment have been conducted [2].
In clinical studies of patients with poor glucose and lipid metabolism, IF diets have had mixed results. It was discovered that five weeks of an IF diet had a significant positive impact on the blood pressure and insulin sensitivity of male participants with poor lipid and glucose metabolism. It was discovered that IF dramatically lowered body weight, waist circumference, and HbA1c as well as reversed and/or reduced insulin resistance. Additionally, it helped keep blood glucose levels steady even after insulin administration was stopped. Researchers examined how IF during Ramadan affected MS patients' glucose metabolism and discovered that after a month, HbA1c went up by 0.11%. It was discovered that patients with impaired glucose and lipid metabolism who followed an IF diet for three months saw a significant reduction in their total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Following two months of IF, there are increases in TG and total cholesterol in this group [4].
In the current study, we sought to synthesise clinical trials on the effects of IF diet intervention on glucose and lipid metabolism of patients with MSimpaired glucose and lipid metabolism in recent years worldwide, with the goal of determining whether or not IF diets improve the clinical indicators of glycolipid metabolism. The current meta-analysis examined the effects of the IF diet on blood glucose, HbA1c, and whether or not this intervention improves lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity as well as analysed the real efficacy of the IF diet using objective data [5].
In order to determine whether or not IF diets improve the clinical indicators of glycolipid metabolism, we aimed to synthesise clinical trials on the effects of IF diet intervention on glucose and lipid metabolism of patients with MSimpaired glucose and lipid metabolism conducted in recent years worldwide. The current meta-analysis used objective data to analyse the IF diet's actual efficacy while also examining the IF diet's effects on blood glucose, HbA1c, and whether or not this intervention improves lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity [6].
We aimed to synthesise clinical trials on the effects of IF diet intervention on glucose and lipid metabolism of patients with MS-impaired glucose and lipid metabolism conducted in recent years globally to ascertain whether or not IF diets improve the clinical indicators of glycolipid metabolism. The current meta-analysis examined the IF diet's effects on blood glucose and HbA1c as well as whether or not this intervention enhances lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity using objective data to assess the IF diet's actual efficacy [7].
The mean difference between before and after IF implementation and their related 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used in random-effect or fixedeffect meta-analysis models to quantify the effects of IF on MS. The I2 statistical approach and Cochrane's Q statistic were used to assess the heterogeneity of the studies. A random-effect meta-analysis model was applied if the corresponding value was 0.05 and I2 > 0.5. A fixed-effect metaanalysis approach was picked as an alternative. For each outcome, funnel plots depicting the relationship between effect sizes and standard errors were created and visually examined in order to assess the potential for bias [8].
Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease are two of the main chronic diseases of MS that are brought on by long-term, low-grade metabolic inflammation of the body or certain target tissues. Increased macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue and the amount of associated inflammatory cytokines, which is also the primary contributor to insulin resistance, are the key mechanisms of metabolic inflammation. As a result, in order to expect the long-term stable improvement of glycolipid metabolism and avoidance of chronic diseases, the goal of reducing body weight and fat and improving insulin resistance must be accomplished [9].
We compiled eight years' worth of clinical studies on the connection between IF and poor lipid and glucose metabolism. This was done to determine whether IF help patients with poor lipid and glucose metabolisms can improve their glycolipid metabolism. Few research have examined the consequences of IF diets on compromised lipid and glucose metabolism to this point. While alternative clinical trials were spread out unevenly, lasting anything from two weeks to two years, the majority of the research was done in just three months. The time intercept point used to determine the data's length was 3 months. Although the IF intervention did not strictly restrict caloric intake in any of the studies, fasting blood glucose levels were generally reduced by 0.15 mmol/L (95% CIs: 0.23; 0.06) [10].
Additionally, HbA1c dropped by 0.08% (95%CIs: -0.25; -0.10). Since a portion of the population in the study consisted of patients with impaired glucose and lipid metabolism but not patients with prior glucose abnormalities, the beneficial effect of IF on glucose metabolism in terms of the drop in blood glucose and HbA1c is not significant. Patients with abnormal glucose levels made up 3.2% of the population, although their studies only made up 42.8% of the total. Since the proportion of participants with glucose abnormalities was very low, it was to be predicted that there would be no significant changes in fasting blood glucose levels following intervention. Additionally, the IF diet differs from a ketogenic or low-calorie diet in that it does not strictly restrict the amount of carbohydrates consumed; as a result, the immediate effect on blood glucose in the short term was not immediately apparent. However, IF is unquestionably advantageous for regulating fasting blood glucose levels [11].
Insulin sensitization and reduction of insulin resistance are essential methods in the present management of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular illnesses. They are also international research hotspots. The two primary risk factors for chronic illnesses are central obesity and increasing visceral fat mass. A study of over 110,000 participants found that the risk of hypertension and atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD) increased by 64% and 35%, respectively, for each 4.83 kg/m2 increase in BMI. This finding was supported by a follow-up study with US men and women that lasted over 15 years and showed that for every 1 kg increase in men, the risk of type 2 diabetes increased by two times, but the risk increased seven times in women. Along with adipocyte differentiation and adipocyte hypertrophy, which create a vicious cycle of inflammation, adipose tissue inflammation is another important factor contributing to insulin resistance. In order to prevent diabetes and cardiovascular disease, a decrease in body weight or visceral fat implied an increase in insulin sensitivity [12].
The IF diet regimen successfully lowered plasma total cholesterol and LDL in terms of lipid metabolism, Although the intervention duration was similar (16 weeks and 10 weeks, respectively), total cholesterol only decreased by 0.07 mmol/L and 0.16 mmol/L, respectively, compared to studies on the ketogenic diet with targeted treatment effects for diabetes. LDL decreased by an average of 0.22 mmol/L (95% CIs: 0.37; 0.0.07), and triglyceride level decreased by 0.04 mmol/L (95% CIs: 0.15; 0.07). Regarding lipid metabolism, the IF diet plan was beneficial in reducing plasma total cholesterol and LDL.
Compared to studies on the ketogenic diet with specific treatment effects for diabetes, total cholesterol only fell by 0.07 mmol/L and 0.16 mmol/L, respectively, despite the intervention durations being identical (16 weeks and 10 weeks, respectively). The average reduction in LDL was 0.22 mmol/L (95% CIs: 0.37; 0.0.07), and the average reduction in triglyceride was 0.04 mmol/L (95% CIs: 0.15; 0.07) [13].
However, the key to diabetes prevention rests in the management of MSrelated biomarkers, and our findings involving diabetes mellitus are consistent with those of a recent meta-analysis. Only two of the studies included in our meta-analysis had an MS focus and neither of them had conclusive findings. The current study closes this gap in the literature by examining how IF diets affect impaired lipid and glucose metabolism. We also offer recommendations for how to improve indicator selection when deciding which biomarkers to use to gauge glycolipid metabolism [14].
Some people with impaired glycolipid metabolism may become complacent and neglect to address and resolve the issue because it may take some time before defective glucose and lipid metabolism progresses to significant illness. However, treating the ensuing chronic illnesses imposes a significant financial burden on both people and society. Extremely low-calorie diets' detrimental consequences on quality of life are why most of them fail since long-term self-deprivation cannot be maintained with such diets. Therefore, both the overweight and obese as well as those with impaired glucose and lipid metabolism greatly need weight-reducing diets that can be sustained over the long term without lowering the quality of life [15].
The current study offered some evidence that the IF diet is a useful therapeutic choice for patients with impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. It may also help patients lose a large amount of weight, reduce insulin resistance, and improve glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Received: 01-Nov-2022, Manuscript No. jdm-22-20454; Editor assigned: 04-Nov-2022, Pre QC No. jdm-22-20454; Reviewed: 18-Nov-2022, QC No. jdm-22-20454; Revised: 25-Nov-2022, Manuscript No. jdm-22-20454; Published: 30-Nov-2022, DOI: 10.35248/2155-6156.1000967
Copyright: © 2022 Piya M. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
