Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) represent major global health challenges. Pharmacological interventions, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) including liraglutide and lixisenatide, have shown promise in both weight management and glycemic control. This study aims to systematically review and synthesize the impact of liraglutide and lixisenatide on weight reduction and metabolic outcomes in individuals with obesity and T2DM. A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar, was conducted to identify relevant studies published between January 2000 and September 2023. Randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and systematic reviews assessing the effects of liraglutide and lixisenatide on weight reduction and metabolic parameters in individuals with obesity and T2DM were included.
A total of 25 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 15 randomized controlled trials, 7 observational studies, and 3 systematic reviews. Both liraglutide and lixisenatide demonstrated significant and sustained weight reduction when administered as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic agents. The mean weight loss ranged from 4-9% of initial body weight, with liraglutide consistently leading to greater reductions compared to lixisenatide. Additionally, both agents exhibited improvements in glycemic control, with reductions in HbA1c levels ranging from 0.5-1.5%. Liraglutide and lixisenatide are effective pharmacological interventions for achieving weight reduction and improving metabolic parameters in individuals with obesity and T2DM. Liraglutide, in particular, demonstrated superior efficacy in promoting weight loss compared to lixisenatide. These findings underscore the potential benefits of GLP-1 RAs in the comprehensive management of individuals with obesity and T2DM, highlighting their role as valuable additions to the therapeutic armamentarium. Further research should focus on longterm outcomes, safety profiles, and personalized approaches to maximize the clinical utility of these agents.
