Pancreatic beta-cells, located in the islets of Langerhans, are crucial in the regulation of blood glucose levels by secreting insulin in response to elevated glucose concentrations. Dysregulation of beta-cell function is a key pathological feature in diabetes, both type 1 and type 2. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the structure, function, and physiological significance of pancreatic beta-cells. We explore current research on the molecular mechanisms governing insulin secretion, betacell regeneration, and the impact of genetic and environmental factors on beta-cell dysfunction. The review also highlights recent advancements in therapeutic strategies aimed at improving beta-cell function or promoting their regeneration, offering hope for novel treatments in diabetes care.
