Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) has revolutionized the field of medicine, offering patients less pain, shorter recovery times, and reduced risks compared to traditional open surgeries. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution, techniques, and advancements in minimally invasive surgical procedures across various medical specialties. Beginning with the historical background, we explore the development of key technologies and surgical techniques. We delve into the applications of MIS in different specialties, including general surgery, gynecology, urology, and orthopedics. Furthermore, we discuss the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of minimally invasive surgery in improving patient outcomes and advancing medical practice.
