Aryan Mehta
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder
characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, leading
to hyperglycemia. Effective glycemic management in adults with T2DM is
essential to prevent complications and improve quality of life. This article
reviews current pharmacologic therapies, including metformin, insulin,
sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors,
and other emerging agents. We discuss the mechanisms of action, efficacy,
safety profiles, and considerations regarding combination therapies. The
results indicate that individualized treatment approaches, considering
patient preferences, comorbidities, and risk of complications, achieve
better glycemic control and overall health outcomes. Ongoing research and
clinical trials continue to refine treatment guidelines, emphasizing the need
for personalized medicine in T2DM management.
