Laser photocoagulation is a pivotal technique in ophthalmology and other medical fields, employing precise laser energy to treat a variety of conditions. This article comprehensively reviews the applications, techniques, clinical outcomes, and advancements in laser photocoagulation. Key topics include its use in retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, technical considerations in laser delivery systems, patient outcomes, and future directions in research and clinical practice.