Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by persistently high blood glucose levels, or hyperglycemia. This condition arises due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, is crucial for regulating blood sugar levels. When insulin is insufficient or the body becomes resistant to its effects, glucose accumulates in the blood, leading to various health complications. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is one of the most severe complications associated with diabetes, significantly contributing to the high morbidity and mortality rates among diabetic patients. Individuals with diabetes are at an elevated risk for a range of cardiovascular conditions, including coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. This article delves into the complex interplay between diabetes and cardiovascular disease, exploring the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical implications, and the latest therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients.
