Diabetes mellitus (DM) in canines is a complex and increasingly prevalent metabolic disorder with significant implications for canine health. This review aims to elucidate the etiological factors and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the development of diabetes in dogs. The etiology involves a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and immune-mediated processes leading to pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. The intricate interplay between these factors results in chronic hyperglycemia, a hallmark of diabetes in canines. The pathophysiology extends beyond glucose dysregulation, encompassing secondary complications involving various organ systems. This review explores the molecular and cellular events involved in the onset and progression of diabetes in canines, shedding light on the similarities and differences with human diabetes. Understanding the etiology and pathophysiology is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies and preventive measures to manage diabetes in the canine population effectively
