Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication primarily associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) but can also occur in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) under specific circumstances. This metabolic derangement arises from a profound insulin deficiency, leading to uncontrolled hyperglycemia, ketone body accumulation, and metabolic acidosis. This review comprehensively examines the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies for DKA. Emphasis is placed on early recognition, prompt intervention, and tailored therapeutic approaches. Additionally, the evolving understanding of atypical presentations and risk factors for recurrent episodes is discussed. A multidisciplinary approach involving endocrinologists, emergency physicians, nurses, and dietitians is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes and reducing DKA-related morbidity and mortality. This review serves as a comprehensive resource for healthcare providers involved in the care of individuals with diabetes, equipping them with the knowledge and skills necessary to effectively manage and prevent DKA episodes.
