Heart valve replacement or repair surgery has witnessed significant advancements over the years, revolutionizing the treatment of valvular heart diseases. This article provides a detailed examination of the surgical procedures involved in heart valve replacement or repair, including the types of valves used, surgical techniques, post-operative care, and outcomes. Through a comprehensive review of recent developments and research findings, this article aims to shed light on the current state-of-the-art approaches in the field, highlighting the benefits, challenges, and future directions of heart valve surgery.
