Colorectal surgery has witnessed significant advancements over the years, revolutionizing the treatment landscape for various colorectal diseases. This comprehensive review explores the latest innovations, challenges, and future prospects in colorectal surgery. We delve into minimally invasive techniques, robotic-assisted surgery, enhanced recovery protocols, and emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and telemedicine. Additionally, we discuss the complexities of colorectal cancer management, inflammatory bowel disease surgery, and functional bowel disorders. Despite remarkable progress, colorectal surgery still faces hurdles, including complications, resource limitations, and disparities in access to care. By addressing these challenges and embracing cutting-edge technologies, the field of colorectal surgery can continue to improve patient outcomes and redefine standards of care.
