Josh Joseph
Acute diabetes-related complications, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis
(DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS), pose significant
health risks to youth with diabetes. These complications often occur
during periods of poor glycemic control or during acute illness, and they
are associated with high morbidity and mortality if not promptly recognized
and treated. This article reviews the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical
presentation, diagnosis, and management of these acute complications in
pediatric populations. Special emphasis is placed on prevention strategies,
including the role of education, early detection, and effective insulin
management. Understanding these complications is crucial for clinicians
and caregivers to mitigate the risk of severe outcomes in diabetic youth.